「公衆衛生緊急事態」とは?
みなさんがCOVID-19のパンデミックを経験したように、グローバル化が進む中で、公衆衛生上の緊急事態が国家的、世界的に大切な問題となっています。公衆衛生上の緊急事態には、病気の発生、自然災害、人に大きな被害が出たり、命が失われるようなことが起こります。ある状況が緊急事態となるのは、その健康への影響に対策をするために、社会が上手くまわらなくなってしまったときです。
例としては以下のようなものがあります。
• 感染性疾患の発生:インフルエンザ・パンデミック、麻疹、鳥インフルエンザ、COVID-19など
• 自然災害による健康への影響:地震、津波、洪水、台風など
• テロ行為:爆弾テロ、銃撃によるテロ、生物兵器によるテロなど
• たくさんの死傷者が出る事故:飛行機の墜落事故や列車の脱線事故など
日本では、麻疹、風疹、インフルエンザの流行(感染する人が増えること)が報告されており、流行ったときは感染しないようにするための対策(手洗い、マスクなど)や、予防としてワクチンが役に立ちます。インフルエンザは、日本では毎年冬に感染の流行があるので、インフルエンザワクチン接種に係る費用を会社が補助してくれる場合もあります。公衆衛生上の緊急事態が発生した場合には、日本政府、地方自治体、ニュースなどからの情報を集めることが大切です。
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